docker环境及配置

# 安装

# 源码方式安装

tar xf docker-xxxxx.tgz
1
  • 拷贝二进制文件
cp docker/* /usr/bin/
1
  • docker注册为server

创建 /etc/systemd/system/docker.service文件内容如下:

[Unit]

Description=Docker Application Container Engine

Documentation=https://docs.docker.com

After=network-online.target firewalld.service

Wants=network-online.target

[Service]

Type=notify

# the default is not to use systemd for cgroups because the delegate issues still

# exists and systemd currently does not support the cgroup feature set required

# for containers run by docker

ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd

ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID

# Having non-zero Limit*s causes performance problems due to accounting overhead

# in the kernel. We recommend using cgroups to do container-local accounting.

LimitNOFILE=infinity

LimitNPROC=infinity

LimitCORE=infinity

# Uncomment TasksMax if your systemd version supports it.

# Only systemd 226 and above support this version.

#TasksMax=infinity

TimeoutStartSec=0

# set delegate yes so that systemd does not reset the cgroups of docker containers

Delegate=yes

# kill only the docker process, not all processes in the cgroup

KillMode=process

# restart the docker process if it exits prematurely

Restart=on-failure

StartLimitBurst=3

StartLimitInterval=60s

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
  • 给执行权限
chmod +x /etc/systemd/system/docker.service
systemctl daemon-reload
1
2
  • 启动并设置开机启动

    systemctl daemon-reload 
    systemctl start redis-server.service 
    systemctl enable redis-server.servic
    
    ps -A|grep docker
    
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5

# 设置

创建docker用户组

sudo groupadd docker     #添加docker用户组
sudo gpasswd -a $USER docker     #将登陆用户加入到docker用户组中
newgrp docker     #更新用户组
docker ps    #测试docker命令是否可以使用sudo正常使用
1
2
3
4

# 存储目录迁移

# 背景

docker的默认存储目录是/var/lib/docker,目录结构如下:

[root@ztscshop docker]# cd /var/lib/docker
[root@ztscshop docker]# ll
total 64
drwx------  2 root root  4096 Jan 24  2019 builder
drwx------  4 root root  4096 Jan 24  2019 buildkit
drwx--x--x  3 root root  4096 Jan 24  2019 containerd
drwx------  4 root root  4096 Oct 24 15:05 containers
drwx------  3 root root  4096 Jan 24  2019 image
drwxr-x---  3 root root  4096 Jan 24  2019 network
drwx------ 80 root root 16384 Oct 24 15:25 overlay2
drwx------  4 root root  4096 Jan 24  2019 plugins
drwx------  2 root root  4096 Oct 22 11:57 runtimes
drwx------  2 root root  4096 Jan 24  2019 swarm
drwx------  2 root root  4096 Oct 24 15:13 tmp
drwx------  2 root root  4096 Jan 24  2019 trust
drwx------ 15 root root  4096 Feb  7  2019 volumes
[root@ztscshop docker]# 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

docker所有自身的东西都会存在这些文件夹下面包括镜像文件和容器,所以会占用越来越多的磁盘空间。

如果docker所在的磁盘空间比较小,磁盘空间被占满没有空间的时候,显然会导致docker容器运行失败,此时必然要迁移docker的存储目录到一个更大的磁盘下面

# 查看占用空间

检查各磁盘空间的命令:

#全局查看
df -h 
#依次查看各个目录的磁盘大小
du -ah --max-depth=1
1
2
3
4

查看磁盘占用情况:df -h

[root@ecs-8f49 ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs        7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs           7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           7.8G   73M  7.7G   1% /run
tmpfs           7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1        40G   13G   25G  33% /
tmpfs           1.6G     0  1.6G   0% /run/user/0
overlay          40G   13G   25G  33% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/53eb033fae8fadc98df74b118e743092fcd0ee68b579c2b771288c3c023b0b8b/merged
shm              64M     0   64M   0% /var/lib/docker/containers/8ecb90f024c08468c5f32e7c8b8b0d1ff87616536e6c2155cfb58447bded3071/shm
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

查看docker自身的内存占用:docker system df

[root@ecs-8f49 ~]# docker system df
  TYPE                TOTAL               ACTIVE              SIZE                RECLAIMABLE
  Images              16                  12                  2.893 GB            1.535 GB (53%)
  Containers          12                  1                   155.6 MB            155.6 MB (100%)
  Local Volumes       1                   1                   4.212 GB            0 B (0%)
1
2
3
4
5

# 清除无用垃圾

docker system prune

命令可以用于清理磁盘,删除关闭的容器、无用的数据卷和网络,以及dangling镜像(即无tag的镜像)。

    [root@ecs-8f49 ~]# docker system prune
    WARNING! This will remove:
        - all stopped containers
        - all volumes not used by at least one container
        - all networks not used by at least one container
        - all dangling images
    Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y
    Deleted Containers:
    9bd48276fcd28b3882605fd67a156a7ea848f8fbfe16c3588b630955dfda253d
    74af4504bdefbc58b83a476c12d6ce10260f91349eed0e5bfca5e51b86fb8474
    d405d43eeb7908472b4b8712f668ca3b97f3796f6afc1c1d19a15879140ddf64
    9f645670de22840d04249351d07b2f68f77754e4dfebdb4b39c56d827d6b6805
    79d32c6b3c34bb359cbbf8309d7be34074da391d3b48083f456a5911259a5213
    ad7137d7e018144e17790a3c86a8217a95faecd07a39003bc4df275c8c8d351d
    b02eb42677a52663e50fc4a2b1344d37a8d2a2cca445fe5eae49648a0ca54b13
    0813454a5421cf380b72265c2e6832411a590479424dbc3470e47e1cc9cdd740
    a58b5f545ce1cd03a2899ba277641b5f52203802d9672c72f281f2d5a31fc219
    936e65f72c60d754cb2a1441d0cdeb18f9a7ebde353f091fc44a034733fed52c
    ad86565bd85af04f5847703ba213d226c7d7b69e5210211e4170671d3ea4051c

    Deleted Volumes:
    37620879ca58c052c47e7677a1851f45c25cbc0437c8883cc2fe8e70e1cb921a

    Total reclaimed space: 4.368 GB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

docker system prune -a命令清理得更加彻底,可以将没有容器使用Docker镜像都删掉。

注意,这两个命令会把你暂时关闭的容器,以及暂时没有用到的Docker镜像都删掉了…所以使用之前一定要想清楚.。我没用过,因为会清理 没有开启的 Docker 镜像。

# 配置及目录迁移

停止docker服务

systemctl stop docker
1

创建新的docker目录,执行命令df -h,找一个大的磁盘。 我在 /home目录下面建了 /home/docker/lib目录,执行的命令是:

mkdir -p /home/docker/lib
1

迁移/var/lib/docker目录下面的文件到 /home/docker/lib

(rsync是linux文件夹同步的命令,参数要加一个-r,因为文件夹要递归copy,如果在同一台服务器上面,直接cp也是可以的)

rsync -r -avz /var/lib/docker /home/docker/lib/
1

配置 /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/devicemapper.conf。查看 devicemapper.conf 是否存在。如果不存在,就新建。

mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/
vi /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/devicemapper.conf
1
2

然后在 devicemapper.conf 写入:(同步的时候把父文件夹一并同步过来,实际上的目录应在 /home/docker/lib/docker )

[Service]
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd --graph=/home/docker/lib/docker
1
2
3

重新加载 docker

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
systemctl enable docker
1
2
3

为了确认一切顺利,运行

docker info
1

命令检查Docker 的根目录.它将被更改为 /home/docker/lib/docker

...
  Docker Root Dir: /home/docker/lib/docker
    Debug Mode (client): false
    Debug Mode (server): false
    Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
...
1
2
3
4
5
6

启动成功后,再确认之前的镜像还在:

root@nn0:~$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
AAA/AAA v2 7331b8651bcc 27 hours ago 3.85GB
BBB/BBB v1 da4a80dd8424 28 hours ago 3.47GB
1
2
3
4

确定容器没问题后删除/var/lib/docker/目录中的文件。

# 可能相关问题

# Docker无法启动 driver not supported

迁移/var/lib/docker目录后,Docker无法启动 (error initializing graphdriver: driver not supported)

启动信息

[root@nn0 ~]# systemctl start docker
Job for docker.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status docker.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
1
2

启动详情

831 01:47:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Docker Application Container Engine...
  -- Subject: Unit docker.service has begun start-up
  -- Defined-By: systemd
  -- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
  -- 
  -- Unit docker.service has begun starting up.
  831 01:47:25 localhost.localdomain dockerd[2390]: time="2018-08-31T01:47:25.197015872+08:00" level=info msg="libcontainerd: new containerd process, pid: 2393"
    831 01:47:26 localhost.localdomain dockerd[2390]: time="2018-08-31T01:47:26.204103195+08:00" level=error msg="[graphdriver] prior storage driver overlay2 failed: driver not supported"
      831 01:47:26 localhost.localdomain dockerd[2390]: Error starting daemon: error initializing graphdriver: driver not supported
        831 01:47:26 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: docker.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
          831 01:47:26 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Failed to start Docker Application Container Engine.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

错误原因:error initializing graphdriver: driver not supported

解决办法:在 /etc/docker 目录下创建daemon.json文件,并且加入以下配置

touch daemon.json
vi daemon.json
{
  "storage-driver": "overlay2",
  "storage-opts": [
  "overlay2.override_kernel_check=true"
  ]
}
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

再次启动:systemctl start docker

# docker-runc not installed on system 问题

问题描述

docker运行镜像的时候,报错如下: (如果报错端口映射的错误,那就先不映射端口直接启动镜像,试一下是不是这个错误,因为如果直接映射端口启动镜像的话,这个错误导致容器启动失败,但是报错是端口映射失败)

[root@nn0 k8s]# docker run -it registry.helloworld.com/test/atsd:latest bash
WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
/usr/bin/docker-current: Error response from daemon: shim error: docker-runc not installed on system.
1
2
3

问题解决:

[root@nn0 k8s]# cd /usr/libexec/docker/
[root@nn0 docker]# ln -s docker-runc-current docker-runc
1
2

# Job for docker.service failed because the control process exited with error code.

首先查看一下内核版本

因为使用命令: yum install docker下载时, 默认下载的是Docker的最新版本, 但是内核版本低的话可能不兼容新版本Docker, 所以有可能出现如上错误

首先要来验证CentOS 版本是否支持 Docker,Docker 要求 CentOS 系统的内核版本高于 3.10

通过 uname -r 命令查看你当前的内核版本

1 [root@localhost /]# uname -r
2 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64
1
2

方案一、内核版本过低

1.将以前下载好的Docker卸载干净,使用如下命令:

yum remove docker-*
sudo yum remove docker \ docker-client \ docker-client-latest \ docker-common \ docker-latest \ docker-latest-logrotate \ docker-logrotate \ docker-selinux \ docker-engine-selinux \ docker-engine
1
2

2.更新改linux系统的内核版本

yum update
1

建议更新完之后, 重启一下系统

3.继续下载安装docker(尽量使用高级管理员权限下载)使用如下命令

yum install dacker
1

4.使用如下命令启动docker

systemctl start docker
1

问题解决! 如果这样安装完之后还报错, 按照这个步骤再来一遍即可

如果方案一不能解决,请向下继续阅读,根据场景选择解决方式

*方案二、检查配置文件是否错误*

检查一下配置文件,使用如下命令:

vim /etc/sysconfig/docker
1

*方案三、检查daemon.json文件是否错误*

检查一下daemon.json文件,使用如下命令:

vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
1

检查以下内容是否存在,如果没有则加入文件中(注意引号和冒号的输入格式是否为英文):

{
       "graph": "/mnt/docker-data",
      "storage-driver": "overlay"
} 
1
2
3
4

****方案四、****删除 /var/lib/docker 目录**

删除 /var/lib/docker 目录

重启 daemon

重启 docker

使用如下命令:

rm -rf /var/lib/docker
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo service docker restart
1
2
3

****方案五、安装 docker-io-selinux******

安装 docker-io-selinux

重启 daemon

重启 docker

使用如下命令:

sudo yum install docker-io-selinux
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo service docker restart
1
2
3

*方案六、重新安装Docker*

如果以上方案都没有解决你的问题,笔者建议按照步骤重新安装一下Docker,注意不要疏漏。

上次更新: 2022/04/15, 05:41:30
×